Or, les races bovines anciennes semblent être naturellement plus résistantes. La mastite est une maladie fréquente chez les vaches laitières modernes. Previous evidence of breed and animal variation in innate immunity was confirmed. For the first time, the innate immune response of these ancient breeds was studied. The immune reaction of ancient breeds seemed less intensive because of a higher basal expression, which has been shown before to be beneficial for the animal. ELISA of lactoferrin and serum amyloid A protein revealed breed differences in control and S. Principal component analysis separated the ancient from the modern breeds in their basal expression, but not after stimulation. Breed differences ( P < 0.05) were detected in C3, CASP8, CCL2, CD14, LY96 and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) regulation. In the modern breeds, more genes were regulated after stimulation. Notably CASP8, CXCL8, Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4) expression were higher in the ancient breeds ( P < 0.05). With reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), the breeds differed in the basal expression of 16 genes. Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells from the ancient Highland and White Park ( n = 5) cattle and the modern dairy breeds Brown Swiss and Red Holstein ( n = 6) were non-invasively isolated from milk, cultured, and stimulated with the heat-inactivated mastitis pathogens Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to compare the innate immune response in vitro. Mastitis is a frequent disease in modern dairy cows, but ancient cattle breeds seem to be naturally more resistant to it.
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